Friday 9 October 2015

JOKOWI

Joko Widodo

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Joko Widodo
ꦗꦑ꧈ꦮꦶꦢꦢ
Joko Widodo official potrait.jpg
7th President of Indonesia
Assumed office
20 October 2014
Vice PresidentJusuf Kalla
Preceded bySusilo Bambang Yudhoyono
16th Governor of Jakarta
In office
15 October 2012 – 16 October 2014
DeputyBasuki Tjahaja Purnama
Preceded byFauzi Bowo
Succeeded byBasuki Tjahaja Purnama
16th Mayor of Surakarta
In office
28 July 2005 – 1 October 2012
DeputyF.X. Hadi Rudyatmo
Preceded bySlamet Suryanto
Succeeded byF.X. Hadi Rudyatmo
Personal details
Born21 June 1961 (age 54)
Surakarta, Indonesia
Political partyIndonesian Democratic Party of Struggle
Spouse(s)Iriana (1986–present)
ChildrenGibran Rakabuming Raka
Kahiyang Ayu
Kaesang Pangarep
ResidenceMerdeka Palace
Alma materGadjah Mada University
ReligionSunni Islam
Signature
This article contains letters from the Javanese script. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Javanese characters.
Joko "Jokowi" Widodo DK (Javanese: ꦗꦑ꧈ꦮꦶꦢꦢ[1] Gêdrìk: Jåkå Widådå; O-Javanese: Jaka Widada; born 21 June 1961) is the President of Indonesia. He was Governor of Jakarta from 2012 to 2014 and Mayor ofSurakarta from 2005 to 2012. He is the first Indonesian president not to have emerged from the country’s political elite or as an army general.[2]
Jokowi was nominated by his party, the Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle (PDI-P), to run in the 2012 Jakarta gubernatorial election with Basuki Tjahaja Purnama (often known as Ahok) as his running mate.[3] Jokowi was elected as Governor of Jakarta on 20 September 2012 after a second round runoff election in which he defeated the incumbent governor Fauzi Bowo.[4]Jokowi's win was widely seen as reflecting popular voter support for "new" or "clean" leaders rather than the "old" style of politics in Indonesia.[5]
His nomination as PDI-P candidate for the 2014 presidential election was announced on 14 March 2014.[6] The presidential election was held on 9 July 2014. After some controversy about the result of the election, Jokowi was named as president-elect on 22 July. He was formally declared as the winner of the election by the General Elections Commission (Komisi Pemilihan Umumor KPU), winning more than 53% of the vote over his opponent, Prabowo Subianto, who disputed the outcome and withdrew from the race before the count was completed.[7]

Early life and education

Joko Widodo is of Javanese descent. Before changing his name (changes of name are not unusual in Java), Jokowi was called Mulyono.[8] His father came from Karanganyar, his grandparents came from a village in Boyolali.[9] His education started in State Primary School 111, Tirtoyoso, known for being a school for less wealthy citizens.[10] At twelve, he started working in his father's furniture workshop.[11][12] The evictions he experienced three times in his childhood affected his way of thinking and his leadership later on as the mayor of Surakarta (Solo) as he organised housing in the city.[13]
After primary school, he continued his studies in SMP Negeri 1 Surakarta (middle school).[14] He had wanted to continue his education in SMA Negeri 1 Surakarta (high school), but he failed the entrance exam and went to SMA Negeri 6 Surakarta instead.[15]

Political career

Mayor of Surakarta

When he first ran for the office of mayor of Surakarta, his background as a property and furniture businessman was questioned; One academic paper claimed his leadership style was successful because it established an interactional relationship with the people of Solo, through which he was able to induce people's strong faith in him.[16] He adopted the development framework of European cities (which he frequently traveled to as a businessman) into his own city of Surakarta.[17]
Jokowi's actions during the seven years that he was mayor of Surakarta included:[18]
  • Building new traditional markets – including an antiques market and a home appliances market
  • Constructing a 7-km city walk with a 3-meter wide pedestrian walkway along Surakarta's main street
  • Revitalizing the Balekambang and Sriwedari parks
  • Stricter regulations on cutting down trees along the city's main streets
  • Rebranding Surakarta as a center of Javanese culture and tourism under the tagline "The Spirit of Java"
  • Promoting the city as a center for meetings, incentives, conventions and exhibitions (MICE)
  • The blusukan culture, the manner in which Jokowi made impromptu visits to certain areas to hear directly from the people their needs and criticisms
  • Prohibiting his family members from bidding for city projects
  • Healthcare insurance program for all residents
  • Public transportation in the form of double-decker buses and the railbus
  • Solo Techno Park, which helped support the Esemka Indonesian car project[19]
His supporters pointed to rapid positive changes in Surakarta under his leadership and the branding the city with the motto "Solo: The Spirit of Java". While in office he relocated junk dealers in the Banjarsari Gardens, a move which was helpful in revitalizing the functions of the open green land; he emphasized the importance of business firms engaging in community activities; he improved communications with the local community (appearing regularly on local television). As a follow-up of the new branding of Surakarta, he applied for Surakarta to become a member of the Organization of World Heritage Cities, which was approved in 2006, and subsequently had Surakarta chosen to host the organization's conference in October 2008. In 2007, Surakarta had also hosted the World Music Festival (Festival Musik Dunia/FMD) which was held at the Fort Vastenburg Complex. The FMD in 2008 was held in the Mangkunegaran Palace Complex.
Part of Jokowi's personal style was his populist "can-do" (punya gaye) elements designed to build bonds with the broad electorate.[16] As mayor of Surakarta, he became personally involved in an incident just before Christmas 2011 when the Surakarta municipality had overdue bills of close to $1 million (Rp 8.9 billion) owing to state-owned electricity companyPerusahaan Listrik Negara (PLN). Following PLN company policy to pursue a more disciplined approach to collecting overdue bills, the PLN imposed a blackout on street lamps in Surakarta just before Christmas. The city municipality quickly authorized payment but in settling the bill protested that the PLN should consider the public interest before taking this type of action. To reinforce the point, Jokowi made a highly publicized personal visit to the local PLN office to deliver the Rp 8.9 billion in cash in the form of hundreds of bundles of notes and even small coins.[20]
He was chosen as the Tempo's Leaders of Choice by Tempo news magazine (2008) and received a Changemakers Award from Republika newspaper (2010); his name also started being considered in national polls for governorship of Jakarta way before his party nomination of him to run for the post, including those by Universitas Indonesia and Cyrus Network (2011).[16]

Governor of Jakarta

Joko Widodo in his official portrait as Governor of Jakarta (2012)
While governor of Jakarta Jokowi followed the practice (known as blusukan) of regularly arranging well-publicized visits to local communities, often in quite poor areas, across Jakarta. His inner circle of advisers in Jakarta was reported to include people such as FX Hadi 'Rudy' Rudyatmo, Sumartono Hadinoto, and Anggit Nugroho who were colleagues while he was mayor of Surakarta as well as Basuki 'Ahok' Tjahaja Purnama, his deputy as governor of Jakarta.[21]

Policies as Governor

Blusukan
Not so much a policy as a general approach, Jokowi actively carried out the practice known as blusukan of regularly visiting quite poor areas across Jakarta. During these visits, he wore simple informal clothes and made a point of spending time in markets or walking along narrow Jakarta lanes (gangs) to chat to people about problems like the price of food, housing difficulties, local flooding, and transport. Polling and media coverage suggested that Jokowi's hands-on style proved very popular both in Jakarta and elsewhere across Indonesia.[22]
Lelang Jabatan
Guvernør Joko Widodo og statsråd Trond Giske.jpg
On April and June 2013, Jokowi began to implement a system of bureaucratic recruitment called "lelang jabatan" (literally auction of office position). In this system, previously unknown in Indonesia and similar to policies of advancement on merit common for generations in Indonesia's foreign aid donor countries,[23] every civil servant had the same opportunity to achieve a certain position by fulfilling the required qualifications and passing the test. The test results were announced transparently and the provincial government appointed the qualified civil servant in accordance to their achievements and qualifications.[24]
Health care program
Early after taking office in late 2012 Jokowi introduced a universal health care program in Jakarta, based on a Healthy Jakarta Card (Kartu Jakarta Sehat or KJS). The program proved popular, but implementation problems became evident.[25]The demand for health services from hospitals across Jakarta rose by 70% in the first few months.[26] The program involved an insurance program provided through the state-owned insurance company PT Askes Indonesia (Persero) and a plan to regulate health charges for treatment for over 20,000 services and procedures.[27] There was confusion over the details of the implementation of the system and long waiting queues for services caused dissatisfaction. The long queues even generated a market for middlemen who offered line-waiting services for up to Rp 150,000 (around $US 15 at end-2013 exchange rates).[28] The various problems led to criticism of Jokowi in the Jakarta regional parliament that he was promoting a populist, poorly-designed program. However Jokowi defended the popular KJS program and counseled patience.
Educational program
Jokowi launched the "Smart Jakarta Card" on 1 December 2012, in order to help poor students in Jakarta. This card gives an allowance that can be withdrawn from ATMs in order to buy school needs such as books and uniforms. The usage of the card is constantly monitored and is not allowed to be used for other purposes .[29]
Public transportation
On 10 October 2013, Jokowi inaugurated the construction of Jakarta MRT, which previously was delayed for years.[30]Subsequently, on 16 October 2013, Jokowi also restarted the construction of the green line of Jakarta Monorail.[31]
Financial reforms
After Jokowi took office, taxes and the provincial budget of Jakarta increased significantly from Rp 41 trillion in 2012 to Rp 72 trillion in 2014.[32][33]
Transparency
Jokowi blusukan.jpg
Jokowi and his vice governor, Basuki, publicized their monthly salary and the provincial budget.[34][35] They also initiated programs aimed towards transparency, such as online taxes, e-budgeting, e-purchasing, and a cash management system.[34] Moreover, all meetings and activities that were attended by Jokowi and Basuki were recorded and uploaded on YouTube.[36]
Revamping street vendors and traditional markets
Jokowi regulated the chaotic agglomeration of street vendors in Pasar Mingguand Pasar Tanah Abang by relocating them to a new building, as these street vendors were causing horrendous traffic jams.[37] He also built and renovated five traditional markets in 2013 and four traditional markets in 2014.[38][39] The vendors in these markets are not charged for rent, although they are required to maintain their kiosks and to not sell them. They are only asked to pay for maintenance, electricity, and water costs.[40]
Flood control
In 2013, Jokowi initiated dredging and reservoir normalization projects in order to reduce flood problems. Three of the most notable projects were the normalization of Pluit Reservoir, Ria Rio Reservoir, and Pesanggrahan River. These projects involved the relocation of settlements around the reservoirs, in which Jokowi used the "lunch diplomacy" tactic to obtain agreement from the local populace.[41] After the inhabitants of these settlements were moved to a new location, the dredging commenced, and the project was praised by the Prime Minister of the Netherlands Mark Rutte as successful.[42]These projects helped to reduce the extent of flood in 2014.[43]

Presidential candidacy

Joko Widodo taking the presidential oath of office during his inauguration on 20 October 2014
See also: Indonesian presidential election, 2014 and Inauguration of Joko Widodo
Megawati Sukarnoputri had chosen Jokowi to be the presidential candidate of her party.
After hearing the Quick Count results of many different polls, Jokowi declared victory on 9 July. However, his rival Prabowo Subianto also declared victory, leaving Indonesian citizens confused.[44] On 22 July, hours before the announcement of the election results, Prabowo withdrew.[45] A victory for Jokowi was expected[46] and realized hours later.[45] The Commission gave Joko Widodo a close victory of 53.15 percent of the vote (representing 70,997,859 voters), to Prabowo's 46.85 percent (62,576,444 votes),[47] though Prabowo's camp disputed these totals.[48]
After his victory, Jokowi stated that, growing up under the authoritarian and corrupt New Order, he would have never expected someone with a lower-class background to become president. The New York Times reported him as saying "now, it's quite similar to America, yeah? There is the American dream, and here we have the Indonesian dream".[49]Jokowi was the first Indonesian president to not be from the military or the political elite, and the political commentator Salim Said gave the popular view of the politician as "someone who is our neighbor, who decided to get into politics and run for president".[49]

President of Indonesia

See also: Working Cabinet (Joko Widodo)

Economic performance

In the first quarter of 2015, year-on-year GDP grew 4.92 percent.[50] In the second quarter it grew 4.6%, the lowest figure since 2009.[51] Anything less than 6 per cent and Indonesia cannot absorb the new entrants to its labour market each year.[52]
The rupiah weakened further, with its exchanges rate per US dollar, falling to Rp 14,000 in August 2015, the lowest level in the last 17 years.[53] on 24th September 2015 it closed at 14797[54]
The year-on-year inflation in June 2015 was 7.26 percent, higher than in May (7.15 percent) and June last year (6.7 percent).[55]

Policies on drugs crimes and capital punishment

Indonesian laws prescribe the death penalty for some narcotics trafficking and corruption offences.[56][57] After coming into office, Jokowi stated he refused to grant any clemency for drug offenders facing execution in Indonesia.[58] Judicial executions in Indonesia are carried out pursuant to a Presidential Decree following a death sentence imposed by a trial court.[59] The president did not have or read the documents related to the clemency applications when he refused the clemency requests.[60] Jokowi argued that Indonesia currently under a state of emergency over drugs-related crimes. "Why do I say the country is in a state of emergency over drugs? Because the number of (illegal drug users) who need rehabilitation is nearly 4.5 million people," Jokowi said, adding that 1.2 million drug users could not be rehabilitated and nearly 50 of them died each day.[58] One journalist said the statistics were faulty.[61]
In January 2015, Jokowi outraged Brazil by executing one of its citizen, Marco Archer Cardoso Moreira,[62][63] particular offence caused by denying the condemned of the Catholic faith his last rites.[64] A Dutch citizen was also executed. Both inmates are convicted for drug smuggling crimes and condemned to death sentence by Indonesian court. As a protest, Brazil and the Netherlands immediately withdrew their ambassadors.[65]
During March 2015, Australia proposed that issues around the proposed execution of its citizens Myuran Sukumaran andAndrew Chan, who in 2007 had been denied the right for judicial review to Indonesia's Constitutional Court because they were not Indonesian citizens,[66] be put before the International Court of Justice.[67]
On 29 April 2015, Indonesia executed a further batch of prisoners, including the two Australian citizens; Myuran Sukumaran and Andrew Chan. In protest, Australia immediately withdrew its ambassador.[68] On 13 May 2015, Australia reduced its foreign aid to Indonesia from $605.3 million to $366.4 million[69] Former Indonesian constitutional court chief justice Jimly Asshiddiqie, who was a key player in the anti-death penalty lobby in Jakarta in the lead-up to the executions on April 29, said the push for Chan and Sukumaran to die had come from Indonesian President Joko Widodo personally.[70]
On the other hand, Jokowi granted a Philippines citizen, Mary Jane Veloso, who had been sentenced to death by an Indonesian court a last minute reprieve. Following an ASEAN meeting with Philippine President Aquino, who delivered the clemency request himself in person,[71] she was spared after someone suspected of recruiting her and tricking her into carrying drugs to Indonesia turned themselves in to authorities in the Philippines.[72][73]
French Ambassador delivered a strong message to Jokowi with respect to his proposed execution of one of its citizens that "“If the execution is carried out, it will not be without consequence for our bilateral relationship,” Ambassador Corinne Breuze told reporters in Jakarta, adding that France, which abolished the death penalty in 1981, was opposed to capital punishment in every circumstance.[74] On April 25, 2015, Atlaoui was removed from the execution batch due to a pending legal appeal.[73][75]
Jokowi's staunch position on death penalty in Indonesia has drawn international scrutiny, as it could harm Indonesia's foreign relations with the native countries of the doomed convicts, such as Brazil, the Netherlands and Australia.[76]Amnesty International condemned the executions saying they showed a "complete disregard for due process and human rights safeguards."[77] For its own citizens facing execution for drug offences outside Indonesia, however, Jokowi tries to defend them.[78]
Around 130 people remain on death row in Indonesia.[79]

Relations with his political party

He quickly came under fire from his own political party for other policy weakness and one lawmaker said he should be impeached.[80]
On 9 April 2015 during PDI-P congress, his party's chair, former President Megawati Sukarnoputri, alluded to him as a functionary. Megawati noted the mechanism of presidential election is that a presidential candidate should be nominated by a political party, as a hint that Jokowi presidential position was owed to his PDI-P nomination. Thus implying that it is natural for the president to carry out the Party's political policy line.[81] "As the 'extended hands' of the party, you are its functionaries. If you do not want to be called party functionaries, just get out!"[82]

Fuel subsidies reduction policy

Prior to taking office Jokowi sought for outgoing President SBY to take responsibility for the decision to further increase fuel prices[83] by further removing subsidies.[84] Previous action by former President SBY to reduce subsidies had resulted in civil unrest.[83] In January 1, 2015, Jokowi took measures which on the surface appeared to reduce fuel subsidies which have been applauded by the International Monetary Fund.[85] The government implemented a fixed diesel subsidy of 1,000 rupiah ($0.08) a liter, while the subsidy for gasoline were reduced or scrapped.[86] The policy has stirred some demonstrations in several places in Indonesia, Jokowi citing it as necessary to increase funding in infrastructure, education and health sectors.[87] However Jokowi has failed to execute or obtain execution of his promised infrastructure projects.[88]
"Some say that I would be unpopular if I remove the fuel subsidies. I said I did not seek popularity". He said [89]
However since March 2015, the government has set the price of Premium-branded gasoline far below the market price causing the fuel subsidy to be given by losses now incurred by State-owned oil company Pertamina instead of the direct government account.[90]

Foreign policy

Prior to Jokowi's election, Indonesia's foreign policy under former President SBY was moulded by the mission statement, "A thousand friends and zero enemies".[91]
Jokowi has mandated a three pronged policy of maintaining Indonesia’s sovereignty, enhancing the protection of Indonesian citizens, and intensifying economic diplomacy.[92]
According to Jokowi, Jakarta can no longer tolerate a situation where over 5,000 ships operate illegally in its waters every day, making a mockery out of Indonesian sovereignty and resulting in annual losses of over $20 billion.[93]
"Every day, there are approximately 5,400 foreign fishing ships in our sea," he said. "As many as 90% of them operating illegally."[94]
Jokowi also promotes attempts to release Indonesian drug traffickers from death rows abroad.[95]

Cabinet reshuffle

On August 12, 2015. Jokowi announced a cabinet reshuffle [96]
1. Darmin Nasution as coordinating minister for the economy replacing Sofyan Djalil
2. Sofyan Djalil as the national development planning minister replacing Andrinof Chaniago.
3. Thomas Lembong as trade minister replacing Rahmat Gobel
4. Luhut Panjaitan as coordinating minister for politics, law, and security replacing Tedjo Edhy Purdijanto
5. Rizal Ramli as coordinating minister for maritime and resources replacing Indroyono Soesilo
6. Pramono Anung as cabinet secretary replacing Andi Wijayanto

Awards and honours

National honours
Foreign honours
Other
2008: Listed by Tempo as one of the 'Top 10 Indonesian Mayors of 2008'.
2012: 3rd place at the 2012 World Mayor Prize for "transforming a crime-ridden city into a regional center for art and culture and an attractive city to tourists".
2013: Listed as one of "The Leading Global Thinkers of 2013" in Foreign Policy magazine. In February 2013 he was nominated as the global mayor of the month by the The City Mayors Foundation, based in London.[99]
2014: Listed by Fortune as one of the 'The World's 50 Greatest Leaders'[100]

Personal life

According to The Economist, Jokowi "has a penchant for loud rock music" and once owned a bass guitar signed by Robert Trujillo of heavy-metal band Metallica.[101] He is a fan of Metallica, Lamb of God, Led Zeppelin and Napalm Death, agrindcore band that is known for their utilitarian, liberal political views. Napalm Death also congratulated the president on their Facebook fan page recently,[102] however after the Bali Nine and the Lindsay Sandiford case, the he came under fire from the band, as well as many others within the metal scene including Tony Iommi, after their appeals for clemency were ignored.[103] In 2 November 2013, while he was the Governor of Jakarta, he was seen in the rock festival Rock in Solo, at Surakarta, in casual dress. It was the second time he was seen in this rock festival, with the first being in 2011's Rock in Solo.[104]

Family

Jokowi is the eldest son of Noto Mihardjo and Sudjiatmi Notomihardjo. He has three younger sisters, named Iit Sriyantini, Ida Yati and Titik Relawati.[105]
He and his wife, Iriana, have three children. Gibran Rakabuming Raka (male, born 1 October 1988) has a catering and wedding-planning business in Surakarta; he has studied abroad in Sydney and Singapore (at the Management Development Institute of Singapore, MDIS). It has been announced that Gibran will marry Selvi Ananda, a former Miss Surakarta, in Surakarta on 11 June 2015.[106] Kahiyang Ayu (female) was born in 1991; she has recently completed an undergraduate degree in food technology at the state-run Sebelas Maret University in Surakarta. Kaesang Pangarep (male) was born on 25 December 1994 and like his elder brother completed his high school years in ACS International, Singapore.[107]

Film adaptation

In June 2013, a film depicting Jokowi's childhood and youth was released.[108] Jokowi expressed some objections to the film saying that he felt his life had been a simple one and was not worthy of being presented as a film.[109]

References

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  1. Jump up^ Kamus Pepak Basa Jawa,Sudaryanto/Pranowo, 2001, #1359
  2. Jump up^ Cochrane, Joe (July 22, 2014). "A Child of the Slum Rises as President of Indonesia". The New York Times. Retrieved 24 July 2015.
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  4. Jump up^ Editorial: Jokowi's real battle', The Jakarta Post, 22 September 2012.
  5. Jump up^ Sudirman Nasir, 'The thirst for positive 'deviant' leaders', The Jakarta Post, 18 July 2012.
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  32. Jump up^ Dipimpin Jokowi, Pendapatan DKI naik Rp 31 Triliun dalam Setahun. bisniskeuangan.kompas.com. 17 March 2014
  33. Jump up^ Pernyataan PAD 72 Triliun diralat sebagai APBD, bukan PAD oleh Kepala Dinas Pelayanan Pajak DKI Jakarta Iwan Setiawandi
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  38. Jump up^ Jokowi Tahun Ini Renovasi Empat Pasar Tradisional. merdeka. 19 March 2014
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  40. Jump up^ Jokowi Resmikan Lima Pasar Tradisional. Republika. 19 March 2014
  41. Jump up^ Diplomasi Makan Siang Jokowi dan Warga Waduk Pluit Berlanjut Pekan Depan. Detik. 22 March 2014
  42. Jump up^ Perdana Menteri Belanda Nilai Jokowi Pemimpin Hebat. merdeka. 15 March 2014
  43. Jump up^ BPBD: Berkat Kerja Jokowi Banjir 2014 Tak Separah 2013. Liputan6. 15 March 2014
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